OKUDA STAGING

The Okuda system, introduced in 1985, is a prognostic score for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that considers tumor features and the extent of underlying cirrhosis. It was developed using a cohort of 850 HCC patients between 1975-1983 and incorporates four factors indicating advanced disease: tumor occupying >50% of the liver, presence of ascites, and serum albumin and bilirubin levels. Although the Okuda system is still in use, its main limitation is the crude classification of early-stage patients. Newer staging systems have attempted to better characterize Okuda Stage I patients by incorporating liver-specific variables and sometimes incorporating the Okuda score itself. Nevertheless, the Okuda system remains the benchmark for comparing newer scoring systems. ¹ 

ParameterValue
Tumor Size
>50%
<50%

+
-
Ascites
Present
Absent

+
-
Albumin
< 3 g/dl
> 3 g/dl

+
-
Bilirubin
< 3mg/dl
> 3 mg/dl

-
+
Total
Stage I
Stage II
Stage III

All -
1 or 2 +
3 or 4 +
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